华为申请 “灵犀芯片”

　陆奇：你谈到要管理混乱的临界状态、释放创造力，能否就这一点具体谈一谈。在我们深入讨论这个问题的核心之前，许多中国读者和观众对一个问题很感兴趣，尤其是对初创企业来说，当他们还处于起步阶段的时候，聘用顶尖的人才一直是个难题。对那些希望请到最好的工程师和产品经理的初创企业，你有什么建议、经验、教训？

　　So crystalize， when hearing you say managing the edge of chaos and unleashing the creativity． Before we get into the core of that， many of the Chinese readership and the audiences are interesting in one question though， particularly for start-ups when you are small， when you are early，hiring top notch talents has always been a struggled， a difficulty we all face． Do you have any tips， any lessons， advice for early stage company try to hire best engineer best product managers in all that？

　　哈斯廷斯：人人都期待在这个世界做出一番成就，希望自己所做的工作有意义。所以如果能够想清楚这次创业会给世界带来怎样的影响，我认为这足以形成最强大的推动力，让我们完成英雄的壮举。创业的实质就是通过变革，为世界带来影响。

　　People wanna make a difference in the world， they want their work to matter． So if you focus your pitch on why the work of the start-up is going to make an impact， I think that‘s the most compelling thing that gets people to do heroic things． It’s to change something to make an impact．

　　陆奇：说得好，在混乱的边界进行管理，我真的很喜欢这个概念。

　　Yeah， so well said． And I‘m going back to sort of the core， managing the edge of chaos， I really like the framing．

　　张一甲：我也同意，这个用语很妙，在混乱的边界进行管理，但是如何把握这个度，既可以让员工享有自由并发挥创新，又不至于让企业跌入深渊，很考验管理者的能力，这就好像是在走钢索，稍有不慎就很容易粉身碎骨。

　　I agree with Dr． Lu that “managing the edge of chaos” is quite an interesting playing of words． However this way of management is tricky． It is hard to find a proper level of chaos when you want to balance the freedom of employees and the sound running of the company.It‘s like walking on a rope． With one step wrong， you may die． Ok， let’s continue．

　　陆奇：下一个问题，网飞文化的关键是交流。问题是，根据你的经验，你认为坦白到什么程度最合适？有时做过了头，混乱状况就变得不可收拾，不做呢创造力又无法充分释放。你有过这类经历吗？如何调整或管理交流的坦诚程度，你有何经验？

　　The next question is， the key part of the culture is candor in communications． The question is， in all of your experience， so how do you manage the level of candor， sometimes if you over the edge， chaos will be too much， and if you enter the creativity won’t be unleashed enough． Do you have sort of experiences， and sort of framing of how you properly adjust or manage the level of candor in communication．

　　哈斯廷斯：看看人类的演变，我们在进化中变得有礼貌，是因为我们和其他人一起居住在城镇。过于诚实会有危险，批评或被批评都有风险。我们必须意识到一点，必须承认一点，如果我们都能坦诚相对，我们能成长得更好。

　　成长是好事，大家都知道，它可以帮助人们应对痛苦。

　　比如我，你知道，就像我这样成功，当有人批评我，天哪！我也会心脏狂跳，面红耳赤，心烦意乱。我必须学会放下。我把它比作运动，强撑着做完最后一个俯卧撑，你会很痛苦，但你知道这样的痛苦会让你更强大。

　　所以，怎么说呢，它不仅对你的肌肉有帮助，对智力也有帮助。所以痛苦也是好事儿。痛苦使你成长，变得更强。如果能让员工乐于接受批评所带来的心理上的不适就再好不过，因为批评是为他们好。就像运动，如果过量，也会受伤。批评也是一样，他们希望批评是有理有据的，是可执行的，是实用的。所以批评也是一项艺术。但人对批评有天然的心理防御，这种抵触不利于成长和学习。

　　Think of human evolution． We have evolved to be polite because we live in cities and villages around each other． It‘s scary to be too honest． So this danger of being criticized or getting critic is very strong in our psyche， and what you have to realize and get permission to is if we can all be honest to each other， we can all grow more．

　　And growth is good that everyone acknowledges that， and then that‘s helping people deal with the pain．

　　Because even as， you know， successful as I‘ve been， when I’m criticized， my god， my heart beats， I get all red， I‘m upset． I have to let go． I try to remember it’s like exercising． And you know when you doing those last push-ups， it hurts.And you know from the pain， that‘s getting you stronger．

　　So then that‘s helping to say， it’s true of your muscles， is also true of your intellect． So the pain is good． The pain is how you grow， the pain is how you get stronger． Then if you can get people to be willing to take the psychological pain of the critic ‘cause we’ll make them better and not break them down， that‘s great， just like we exercise if you do too much， you get hurt， it recks your body． Also on critic， they want it to be supported， they want it to be actionable， very practical． So there’s an art to do it very well， but it‘s getting through our psychological defenses that we all have， but they’re counter-productive for growing and learning．

　　陆奇：确实，你所说的我也经历过，也因此得到了锻炼和成长。

　　Definite ， I saw myself experienced moments as you described the key phrasing of exercise and get in better intellectual．．．

　　张一甲：的确，就像那句“打不死你的只会让你更加强壮”一样，不管痛苦有多大，经历过后只会让我们的身体和心灵的铠甲更加坚实。而那些批评，虽然不悦耳，却正是我们成长所必需的养分。

　　几乎每一个成功的人都有过自己人生的“至暗时刻”。让我印象比较深的就是埃隆·马斯克了。马斯克在一次采访中说过，2008 年是他最难熬的一年，这一年，特斯拉还在不断烧钱，SpaceX 的猎鹰一号火箭第三次发射仍然失败，他和前妻贾斯汀也在这一年离婚了。

　　2020 年 11 月 24 号，根据福布斯的报道，马斯克超越了比尔盖茨和马克扎克伯格成为了世界第二大富豪，身价高达 1450 亿美元，仅次于世界首富亚马逊 CEO 杰夫贝佐斯的 1850 亿美元。

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